Information about pistachios

Everything about pistachio crop
Pistachio is a plant that has long been cultivated in different parts of Iran and there are wild pistachio forests in the northeastern region of Iran, especially the border between Afghanistan and Turkmenistan, and it is thought that the pistachio tree was domesticated in Iran about 3-4 thousand years ago. and has been cultivated.

In this article, we have tried to summarize and use the practical content in simple language. For pistachio and other pistachio-related pistachio properties, see other articles on the site.

Irrigation method of pistachio trees
Although pistachio is very resistant to dehydration, it should not be neglected, especially in the early years. On average, depending on the texture of the soil, in terms of water storage, irrigation circuit depending on the age of the tree is recommended as follows (except winter):

Tree 1 to 3 years old: Irrigation circuit 7 to 10 days
Trees 3 to 6 years old: Irrigation circuit 12 to 20 days
Tree 6 years of age and older: one month irrigation circuit
It should be noted that when the irrigation circuit is one month old, a lot of water should be given to the tree in each irrigation so that the moisture penetrates completely into the soil depth.

Everything about pistachios

Pistachio tree pruning operation
Pruning means cutting off extra branches, and this is done in the winter. After the tree is formed in the years after transplanting and before fruiting, pruning is important, which includes pruning the branches, re-pruning and removing the stumps. Pruning makes the fruit of the tree large and somewhat fertile in different years.

Familiarity with pistachio tree fertilization
The livestock and sheep manure used must be completely rotten. It is better to mix chicken manure with sheep or cow manure and bury it in a groove at least 40 cm deep, depending on the age of the tree and 40 cm wide at the end of the umbrella shade of the tree.

Fertilization season is the dormant season of trees, ie winter. Mixing complete chemical fertilizer (N-p-K) with animal manure is also desirable. Giving chemical nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate) in areas with saline water and soil in the second half of May to increase vegetative and reproductive buds, in the second half of July is suitable for filling pistachio seeds in fruit trees.

The amount of fertilizer used with the advice of experts is from 100 grams to 200 grams per tree. The use of liquid and solid micro fertilizers in the growing season of the tree is very appropriate, depending on the type of deficiency and consultation with agricultural experts at the same time as spraying or independently. After harvesting pistachios, it is recommended to spray zinc fertilizer.

Recognize the important pests of pistachio trees
Pistachio psyllid: which is a small yellow insect and currently causes the most damage, and when severe damage occurs, the foot of the sugarcane tree is created.

Pistachio Tree Ticks: This pest is not visible to the naked eye and its symptoms are that the leaves are dark green first and then leathery.

Pistachio Pistachio: This pest is completely visible on leaves and clusters, and the tree under attack is often hollow.

To combat lice, it is very appropriate to use ethion poison with a ratio of 2.5-2 per thousand. It is important to note that it is important to consult with an expert agricultural expert to recommend the pesticide and the time of spraying to combat any pests.

 Familiarity with pistachio harvest
Pick up the pistachios when they are fully ripe. Start harvesting in the early hours of the day and place the harvested product in the shade or in a cool place. Harvest the infected areas in a separate garden. Immediately transfer the harvested product to pistachio processing centers, which are fully automatic and hygienic, so that it can be peeled and separated quickly. In this way, the color of the hard pistachio shell will be white and have a good marketability.

Elements in pistachio kernels:

Crude protein 11.20%
Raw fiber 15.28%
5.29% raw fat
Raw ash 10.13%
Nitrogen-free extract 52.16%
Calcium 1.08%
Phosphorus 0.11%
Magnesium 0.31%
Potassium 4.44%
Iron 660.68 ppm
Manganese 23.6 ppm
Copper 16.23 ppm
 At 27.5 ppm
 Raw energy 4425.45 Kcal / kg DM
 

Pistachio cultivation area in Iran
According to the latest available data, the area under pistachio cultivation in Iran in the crop year 1375-76 was 247,130 hectares, which is an increase of about 7% compared to the previous crop year and about 98% compared to the base year. The area under pistachio cultivation in the ten years studied was 125123 hectares to 247130 hectares. The lowest area under pistachio cultivation in the crop year was 1366-67, which has increased this trend until 1976.

According to the available statistics, at the end of the year, the highest level in Kerman province with 200505 hectares, which has 81% of the area under pistachio cultivation in the country. After Kerman, which has the first place in this regard, the provinces of Khorasan, Yazd, Semnan, Qazvin, Fars and Sistan and Baluchestan have the second and seventh places, respectively.

The provinces of West Azerbaijan and Ardabil each have the lowest area under pistachio cultivation in the whole country with 2 hectares. Kerman, Khorasan, Yazd, Semnan, Qazvin, Fars and Sistan and Baluchestan have a total of 99% of the area under pistachio cultivation in the whole country. The most important areas for pistachio cultivation are:

Planting and production of pistachios in the world
According to the latest data published by the World Food Agriculture Organization, the world's pistachio production in 1997 was 33,1403 tons. Global pistachio production in 1997 decreased by about 23% compared to the previous year and increased by about 45% compared to the base year (1988).

Among the countries of the world, ten countries each produced more than 250 tons of pistachios in 1997, which ranks first among Iran with the production of about 112 thousand tons. Iran alone produces about 34% of the world's pistachios. After Iran, the United States is the second largest producer of pistachios with 82,000 tons